As a consequence, in the SM there is neither mixing nor CP violation in the lepton sector. However, neutrinos are massless particles in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics: in the absence of any direct indication for their mass available at the time, they were introduced as fermions for which no gauge invariant renormalizable mass term can be constructed. These discoveries robustly established that neutrinos are massive particles. New discoveries about the deepest neutrino secrets are expected to change our current understanding of the history, structure and future fate of the Universe” (see Fukuda et al., 1998 Ahmad et al., 2001, 2002 Eguchi et al., 2003 Abe et al., 2011a An et al., 2012) for essential publications. McDonald “ for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. In this regard, apart from describing the expectations from the aforementioned probes, we also focus on those arising from alternative and novel methods, as 21 cm cosmology, core-collapse supernova neutrinos and the direct detection of relic neutrinos. Finally, we shall also emphasize the future perspectives for unveiling the neutrinomass ordering. This preference for the normal neutrino mass ordering is mostly due to neutrino oscillation measurements. the inverted scenario, with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations. Secondly, the results from an up-to-date comprehensive global fit are reported: the Bayesian analysis to the 2018 publicly available oscillation and cosmological data sets provides strong evidence for the normal neutrino mass ordering vs. Namely, reactor, long-baseline (accelerator and atmospheric) neutrino beams, laboratory searches for beta and neutrinoless double beta decays and observations of the cosmic background radiation and the large scale structure of the universe are carefully reviewed. Firstly, the different current available tools to measure the neutrino mass ordering are described. In this review, we both analyse the present status and describe the physics of subsequent prospects. The extraction of the neutrino mass ordering is a data-driven field expected to evolve very rapidly in the next decade. The ordering of the neutrino masses is a crucial input for a deep understanding of flavor physics, and its determination may provide the key to establish the relationship among the lepton masses and mixings and their analogous properties in the quark sector. Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.de Salas Stefano Gariazzo Olga Mena * Christoph A.
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